Mutations can have various effects: They usually go unnoticed or have negative consequences for the humans Sometimes beneficial mutations arise that increase infectivity or help them to evade defense mechanisms. Mutations can lead to dangerous new variants, especially in them that jump . Importance for change mutations pose a challenge for help: If there are major changes, anti may no longer be able to recognize the mutated . it may need to be adapted to remain effective against new variants. Overall, mutation is a natural evolutionary process that allows them to adapt to new environments and evade defenses. Understanding this process is critical to developing effective countermeasures